It is required for both anaerobic and aerobic energy generation and for glycolysis, either indirectly as a part of the Mg-ATP complex or directly as an enzyme activator (Garfinkel and Garfinkel, 1985). Magnesium is a required cofactor for over 300 enzyme systems (Wacker and Parisi, 1968). The normal serum magnesium concentration is 0.75 to 0.95 mmol/liter (1.8 to 2.3 mg/dl). Extracellular magnesium accounts for about 1 percent of total body magnesium. One-third of skeletal magnesium is exchangeable, and it is this fraction that may serve as a reservoir for maintaining a normal extracellular magnesium concentration (Elin, 1987). Total body magnesium (Mg) content is approximately 25 g (1,000 mmol), of which 50 to 60 percent resides in bone in the normal adult.
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